I’ve just replaced my XBMCbuntu media PC (an Acer Revo 3700) with a newer machine, and I was rebuilding the old one for my neighbour. I’m not sure if he has a wired connection where his TV is so I wanted to use Network Manager to setup the wireless connection. But when I tried to add it, this happened;
XBMC 13.0 (Compiled May 4 2014)
Solution
1. To get round this you need to install the add-on from a .zip file, so download the following file and put it on a USB drive.
If you have a machine setup and working on your wireless network, sometimes it’s easier to set other machines up by simply migrating the settings. Either because you don’t want your child to try and type in a 64 bit WPA key, or you might simply have forgotten the WEP/WPA key,and don’t want to go through all the hassle of setting it up again.
In a small business environment you can give your colleagues their wireless settings in an XML file, or on a USB thumb drive. When using XML files you can even script the deployment of wireless settings to your users.
Solution
Option 1: Export/Import wireless Networks to XML File.
This is quick and easy, and if you are feeling adventurous enough, could be used to script the deployment of wireless networks.
1. On your working wireless machine, open a command window, the following command will list all the wireless profiles that are installed on this machine, )in the example below there is just one).
[box]netsh wlan show profiles[/box]
2. Now we know the name of the profile (Note: Typically it will be the SSID), we can export it to a folder. Be aware if the folder does not exist, the process is liable to fail.
Option 2: Export/Transfer/Import wireless Settings via USB.
1. On the source machine open ‘Control Panel’.
2. Select ‘Network and Sharing Center’.
3. Select ‘Manage wireless networks.
4. Locate the wireless profile you want to migrate, (in the example below there is just one), double click it > select ‘copy this network profile to a USB flash drive’.
5. Assuming you already have a USB drive plugged in, the wizard will detect it > Next.
6. Close.
7. Take the drive to a destination machine, and plug it in, Windows 7 has autorun disabled, with older versions of Windows you can simply choose ‘Connect to wireless network” from the autorun menu. If not open the drive and run the setupSNK.exe file.
8. Yes to confirm.
9. OK to close.
10. Your network is setup and ready to go.
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If you need to connect to your wireless network with a new machine and have forgotten the key, you can view the WEP or WPA key in cleartext using the following procedure on a machine that has connected before.
2. To show all the wireless profiles stored on this machine, issue the following command;
[box]
netsh wlan show profiles
[/box]
3. From the output above, the wireless profile I want the key for, is called SMOGGYNINJA-N. Note: This is the same as the Wireless networks SSID. To view the wireless key in clear text use the following command;
[box]netsh wlan show profiles name=”SMOGGYNINJA-N” key=clear[/box]
You can also export the profile from one PC to another one, (so you don’t have to enter the key on the new PC), with the following two commands.
Copy the WiFi folder you created in the step above, to the new PC/Laptop. Then execute the following command. Note: Change the section in red to match the path to your XML file.
If you have a corporate wireless network, you can send the settings out to your clients, rather than have them all ask you what the wireless settings are, and how do they connect.
Here I’m going to use Domain group policies, but the procedure is the same for local policies (just run gpedit.msc instead). And the dialog boxes are exactly the same as if you were configuring them on the client machine. (You can import the settings form a working client if you like).
Solution
1. On a Domain Controller > Administrative Tools > Group Policy Management Console > Navigate to an OU that contains your computer objects and either create a new GPO, or edit an existing one.
2. Navigate to;
[box]
Computer Configuration >
Policies > Window Settings > Security Settings > Wireless Network (IEEE 802.11) Policies > Create A New Wireless Network Policy for Windows Vista and Later Releases
[/box]
3. Give the policy a name and add in an ‘Infrastructure’ type network profile.
4. Name the profile > Add in the SSID of the wireless network > Security Tab.
5. Set your authentication type, here I’m using WPA2/AES.
Optional
6. Here I want my client computers to see the wireless network, before the users log on (so that their logon scripts will run and their drives get mapped) Advanced > Enable Single Sign On > OK.
7. Properties > Remove the tick from ‘Validate server certificate’ > OK.
Note: I’m configuring for use with an HP MSM controller, if I leave this option ticked, I will have to upload the CA Cert from my domain, into the controller, or clients cannot join the wireless network.
8. I’m not making any changes to the Network Permissions tab > Apply > OK.
9. Now either wait a couple of hours, run gpupdate /force on a client, (or reboot it).
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You can still right click the networking icon in your task tray and manually join a wireless network, but with the new UI there is a much more user friendly way.
Solution
1. Bring up the Settings menu (Press Windows Key+I, or swipe in form the left on a tablet/tablet) > Select the available networks icon.
2. Select the wireless network you want to connect to.
3. If you want to always connect to this network tick the box and select ‘Connect’.
4. If your router has a PIN number for access (check its documentation) then you can enter that here, and follow the instructions. The PIN number is usually shown on the router/access point on a sticker. However if you use a WEP or WPA password, then select ‘Connect using security key instead’.
Note: The system for joining a wireless netork using a PIN number, is very insecure! just to a Google search for “hacking wireless with reaver”, I suggest you disable this feature if you can.
5. Type in your WEP/WPA Key > Next.
6. All being well, you should now be connected.
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We got some ‘demo stock’ in the office this week, I don’t do a lot of wireless, so I thought I would get it setup and have a look to see how easy/difficult it was.
Hardware used
HP E-MSM720 Premium Mobility Controller (J9694A)
HP E-MSM 430 Wireless N Dual Radio Access Point (J9651A)
HP HP 2915-8G-P-o-E Switch (J5692A)
The switch and controller are ‘tiny’ so if you want to put them in a cabinet you will need some ‘big brackets’, (or a shelf). I was disappointed that the controller didn’t have PoE on it (hence the reason we were supplied the switch). I was also disappointed the Access Point didn’t come with a network cable (seriously these things are pennies – and if a client buys hundreds of these things, someone will forget they also need an equal amount of network cables). In addition they are PoE, so you don’t get a power cable (or power injector) – so you cant even power them on without the network cable. That said all the gear is typical good quality HP Stuff. The documentation consists of a “quick setup sheet” for each piece of hardware and all the manuals are Online. I’m not a fan of manufacturers documentation at all, and HP’s is the same as most major vendors, to long, too complicated and to difficult to find what I’m looking for – I spent half a day reading pdf documents just trying to get the guest network working (a feat I will accomplish below with about three sentences and the same amount of pictures!)
1. Connect the controller to your network (Note: Don’t use the two dual personality ports 5 and 6).
2. The controller sets itself up on 192.168.1.1 put yourself on the same network range (see below).
3. Connect to https://192.168.1.1.
4. The MSM720 Default username and password are both admin.
5. Accept the EULA > Skip Registration > Set country > Save > Set the new password > Save.
6. Configure Initial Controller Settings > Start.
7. Set System name > Location > Contact > Login Message > Next > We’ve just set the Password so leave it blank > Next.
8. Enable/disable management interfaces > Next > Configure the network interfaces > Next.
These are allocated as follows, (out of the box!)
And are controlled by these two settings,
9. Set the time and timezone > Next > Apply.
Configure a Corporate WLAN with the E-MSM720 Wireless Controller
1. If not already there, select ‘Automated Workflow’ > Configure a wireless network for employees > Start.
11. Create an SSID > Next > Set the WPA Key > Next.
12. Choose what access points to apply these settings to > Next > Apply.
Note: At this point I had not powered on or touched the access points, so I just selected ‘All’.
Configure a ‘Guest’ WLAN with the E-MSM720 Wireless Controller
I had a nightmare getting this running, until I fully understood the VLAN, IP address and interface allocation, but if you set things up as specified above it will just work.
1. Automated Workflows > Create a wireless network for guests > Start.
2. Create and SSID > Next > Configure guest authentication (or leave open) > Set IP Settings for clients > Next.
Setup the HP E-MSM 430 Wireless N Dual Radio Access Point
Well you have already done all the work! Simply connect the AP to a POE capable network outlet.
By default the AP is in ‘Controlled’ mode, so it will start looking for a controller as soon at it powers on, it can take a little while to boot (go get a coffee), you will see it appear in the controllers web interface when its pulled its configuration down.
Updating Firmware MSM70 and MSM430
Very slick! update the firmware package on the controller, and it will update all the access points for you.
Final thoughts
This is good quality gear, it has built in support for IPSEC, SSL, RADIUS and a myriad of other features that you would expect to find on an enterprise class wireless solution. HP might be concerned by their lack of wireless sales, but they could make the experience with these things better by making the web interface easier to navigate, (ask someone who has never used it before to delete a wireless network! – over 90 minutes it took me to locate the VSC bindings section to remove that!) I’ve already mentioned the documentation, I appreciate that it needs to be comprehensive but come on!
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Private SSID will be on the normal corporate LAN (In this case 172.16.254.0/24).
Public SSID will get its IP addressing from the controllers DHCP Server. (10.220.0.0/16).
The Wireless traffic will traverse the corporate LAN (After being natted on the controller) as 10.210.0.0/16.
My LANDNS Servers are 172.16.254.1 and 172.16.254.2.
Solution
HP Switch Configuration.
1. The switch must be performing LAN routing, if the LAN’s default gateway is a firewall that needs rectifying first. (where 172.16.254.200 is the firewall).
[box]ip routing
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.254.200[/box]
[box]ip dns server-address priority 1 172.16.254.1[/box]
3. Declare a VLAN for the guest VLAN (210), name it, and give it an IP address > Add a Port (A1) to that VLAN which will connect to the Internet Port of the MSM Controller (Port5).
[box]vlan 210
name WIRELESS-TRAFFIC
ip address 10.210.0.1 255.255.255.0.0
untagged A1 [/box]
4. Tag This VLAN on the ‘Inter Switch’ Links from the core switch to the firewall/perimeter device.
[box]tag D24[/box]
5. Save the Switch changes with a write mem command.
Configure the Cisco ASA To Allow the Wireless Traffic out.
Actions for different firewall vendors will vary but you need to achieve the following;
Make sure that a client on the 10.210.0.0/16 network can get access to the Internet
To do that you will need to achieve the following;
Make sure that the 10.210.0.0/16 network has http and https access allowed outbound on the firewall.
Make sure that 10.210.0.0/16 is getting NATTED through the firewall to the public IP address.
1. Connect to the firewall > Allow the Wireless Traffic out.
[box]
access-list outbound extended permit ip 10.210.0.0 255.255.0.0 any
Note: this permits ALL IP traffic you might prefer
access-list outbound extended permit ip 10.210.0.0 255.255.0.0 any eq http
access-list outbound extended permit ip 10.210.0.0 255.255.0.0 any eq https
Note2: This also assumes you have an ACL called outbound applied to traffic that is destined outbound (show run access-group will tell you)
[/box]
2. Perform NAT on the new wireless outbound traffic.
5. At this point plug a PC/Laptop into the core switch (Port A1) and make sure you can get Internet access (‘you will need a static IP on the 10.210.0.0 range).
Configure the HP MSM 720 Controller
MSM 720 Initial Setup and IP Addressing.
1. Connect to to the MSM 720 controller (Port 1) 192.168.1.1 (username admin, password admin).
2. Go though the initial setup > Stop when you get to the Automated workflows screen (simply press Home).
3. Setup Access Network: Home > Network > Access Network > Set the Addressing and Management IP addresses like so;
Addressing 172.16.254.115/24
Management address 172.16.254.116/25
Save.
Note: There’s two because you can separate the management traffic off to another subnet if you wish.
4. Connect Port 1 on the MSM controller to ANY normal port on the Switch (which will be untagged in VLAN 1) >Then connect to the Controller on its new IP https://172.16.254.115.
5. Setup Internet Network: Home > Network > Internet Network > Static.
6. Configure > IP = 10.210.0.2 > Address Mask 255.255.0.0 > Save (don’t worry if you get a warning about DNS).
7. Connect Port 5 on the MSM to Port A1 on the switch (the one you untagged in VLAN 210).
8. Setup DNS: Home > Network > DNS > Enter the Primary LANDNS servers (172.16.254.1 and 172.16.254.2).
9. Tick DNS Cache > Tick DNS Switch over > Tick DNS interception > Save.
10. Setup Default Route: Home > Network > IP Routes > Add.
11. Enter 10.210.0.1 with a Metric of 1 > Add.
12. Setup DHCP (Note: you will create the scope later)
Obviously only complete this step if you want the Controller to act as a DHCP server for your ‘Public’ Wireless network.
13. Enter the domain name > change Lease tome to 1500.
Note: At this point it automatically fills in DHCP Settings (these will NOT be used don’t panic!)
14. REMOVE the tick form Listen for DHCP Requests on ‘Access Network’
15. MAKE SURE there is a tick in the ‘Client data tunnel’ box > Save.
HP MSM 720 Configure Wireless Access Public and Private
For this procedure we will rename the default VSC which is called HP.
1. Home > Controller (on the left) > VSCs) > HP > Change the Profile name for HP to “Private” > Untick Authentication > Untick Access control.
2. Change the SSID from HP to ‘Private’ > Tick Broadcast Filtering.
3. Ensure Wireless security filters is unticked.
4. Tick Wireless Protection > Set the mode to WPA2 (AES/CCMP) > Change Key Source to ‘Preshared Key’ > Enter and confirm the WPA Password > Save (at the bottom of the screen).
5. Setup Public/Guest VSC: Home > VSC’s > Add New VSC Profile.
6. Set the profile name to ‘Public’ > MAKE SURE authentication and access control ARE ticked.
7. Change the SSID to Public > Tick broadcast filtering.
8. Change Allow Traffic between wireless clients to NO > Expand Client Data Tunnel > Tick ‘always tunnel client traffic’.
9. Ensure Wireless Protection is unticked.
10. If you require HTML based logins, tick that (Note: You will need to create a user later, if you enable this).
11. If using the controller for DHCP > Enable the DHCP Server and specify;
Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only. Having the ability to pick a lock does not make you a thief. The main thing to take away from this article is, “DONT secure your wireless network with WEP“.
WEP, has been around for a long time now, its limited to an alpha numeric password, 0-9 and A-F (because its in hexadecimal), the password can be 40, 64 or 126 bits long. The flaw is, each bit of information is encrypted with the SAME key, If you can get enough packets (24 bit long packets called IV’s), you can mathematically work out what the key is.
Solution
To do this I’m going to use BackTrack 5 (R1) installed in a Virtual machine, the Network card I’m using is an ALFA AWUS036NH USB wireless card, I’m using this card because the Ralink RT2878/3078 chipset that’s inside it just works with airmon-ng, without the need to patch drivers or mess about.
Note: If your wireless card does not work please do not email me go the the Aircrack-ng forums.
1. After I’ve plugged the wireless card into the host machine, I’m going to present it to the virtual machine. VM > Removable Devices > Ralink 802.11 n WLAN > Connect.
2. To make sure BackTrack can see the card issue the following command;
[box] airmon-ng [/box]
Take note of the interface name (in the example below it’s wlan0). Then to change the MAC address of the card we are going to ‘spoof’ a false MAC address of 00:11:22:33:44:55 with the following commands. (Note: Your interface may not be wlan0, change accordingly);
Then to scan and see what networks the card can see issue the following command
[box] airodump-ng wlan0 [/box]
3. Airodump will continue to scan until you press CTRL+C. When you see the target network, take a note of its BSSID and its channel number. My target below is called PeteNetLive and the bssid is 00:16:B6:B4:66:46 and its on channel 1).
4. Now scan the target network with the following command;
Note: ‘-3’ denotes a client attack, if your data packets do not rise (you will understand in a minute), then try with ‘-4’ instead.
7. Back in the original terminal window the Data count should start to rise, do nothing further until its over 10,000 (that’s 10,000 IVs captured).
Reality Check!: In most tutorials (including my video above) this is a nice painless process, it relies on there being a decent quality signal, the router/access point not crashing because you are ‘battering’ it, and there being lots of healthy traffic around. You can get enough data packets without the ‘aireplay-ng -3’ command, but it will take a lot longer. You can stop and start the forcing of traffic by pressing CTRL+C, and then executing the command again (it just appends the data to the capture file). In this example I used about five attempts (the router froze and needed to be rebooted). So this is not a quick process. Someone passively attacking your wireless will need lot of patience. This took about an hour and I was right next to the router, and I rebooted it every time it locked up, (which I saw because the Data figure suddenly stopped rising).
8. In the example below I’m now over 10,000 IV’s captured, and I’ve stopped forcing traffic (CTRL+C).
9. By default your capture will be in your home folder, and it will be called filename-01.cap (where filename is the name you used in step 4).
10. To crack the key execute the following command;
