VMware – Cannot Cut, Copy, or Paste to VM’s

KB ID 0000515

Problem

Ever since ESX 4.1 this feature has been disabled and you have been unable to paste to VM, VMware say in their own documentation:

Source (Page 215 – ESX Configuration Guide ESX 4.1 vCenter Server 4.1).

To turn this feature back ON you have a few choices.

Please be aware: We are talking about copy and pasting TEXT to and from a guest VM NOT files and folders.

Solution

ESX Option 1 (Enable Copy and Paste to VM an individual Guest machine)

Using vSphere 8 or Above

Firstly, you need to shut the virtual machine down > Right Click it > Edit Settings >  Advanced > Add the following TWO attributes and values.

Add in the following two;
Attribute: isolation.tools.copy.disable, Value: false
Attribute: isolation.tools.paste.disable, Value: false

Click OK >  Power the VM back on.

Using HML5 Web Client (Enable Copy and Paste to VM)

Firstly, you need to shut the virtual machine down > Right Click it > Edit Settings > VM Options > Advanced  > Scroll down.

 

Edit configuration > Add configuration params;

Add in the following two parameters then click OK

Name: isolation.tools.copy.disable, Value: false
Name: isolation.tools.paste.disable, Value: false

Using Flash Web Client.

Firstly, you need to shut the virtual machine down > Right Click it > Edit Settings > VMware Option Tab > Advanced > Edit configuration > Add in the following;

Name: isolation.tools.copy.disable, Value: false
Name: isolation.tools.paste.disable, Value: false

 

OK > OK > Power on VM

Using VMware Client (Enable Copy and Paste to VM)

1. Firstly, you need to shut the virtual machine down > Right Click it > Edit Settings > Option Tab > Advanced > General > Configuration Parameters.

2. Select “Add Row” and add the following two options:

[box]isolation.tools.copy.disable

isolation.tools.paste.disable [/box]

Set both these values to FALSE > OK > OK > Power the VM back on again.

Note: Even without these values set, if a VM is vMotioned to an ESX host that has the copy.paste options set in it’s config file (see below) then these features are automatically enabled.

Option 2 (Enable Copy and Paste to VM on an individual Guest machine)

1. You can also achieve the same as above by directly editing the .vmx file for the virtual machine, Add the following two values as shown below:

[box]isolation.tools.copy.disable=”FALSE”

isolation.tools.paste.disable=”FALSE” [/box]

Note: Even without these values set, if a VM is vMotioned to an ESX host that has the copy.paste options set in it’s config file (see below) then these features are automatically enabled.

Option 3 (Enable Copy and Paste on the ESX host for all the VM’s on that host)

Note: This procedure will be removed/reset after an ESX upgrade. (You will need to carry out this procedure again post upgrade).

1. Connect to your ESX server, either directly on the console, or via SSH. and execute the following command:

[box]vi /etc/vmware/config[/box]

 

2. Press i to insert text and paste in the following two lines:

[box]isolation.tools.copy.disable=”FALSE”

isolation.tools.paste.disable=”FALSE” [/box]

Press Escape > then type :wq to save the changes.

Additional Steps for Linux / Ubuntu to allow Copy and Paste to VM

1. Assuming you have the VMware tools installed in your Linux guest VM, if not execute the following command:

[box]sudo apt-get install open-vm-toolbox[/box]

To enable copy paste on the guest execute the following command:

[box]vmware-toolbox &[/box]

One the VMware tools properties page pops up you will be able to copy and paste.

Enabling Copy and Paste in VMware Workstation

Out of the box, this functionality is switched on. However if you lose it then open the virtual machines settings > Options tab > Guest Isolation > Enable the Copy and paste option.

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA

VMware Enable SSH (vSphere ESX)

 

VMware Enable SSH KB ID 0000299 

Problem

Should you wish to get SSH (remote secure console) access to your ESX  hosts, you need to do the following.

ESX Version 8 and Newer

ESX Version 6.5 and Newer

ESX version 5 and Newer

ESX version 4.1.0

ESX version 4.0.0 and earlier

ESX version 4.0.0 and earlier

Solution

VMware Enable SSH ESX 8.0

Directly on an ESX Host: If you have a stand-alone ESX Server running version 8.x, Log in via the web console >  Select ‘Host’ > Actions > Services > Enable Secure Shell (SSH).

Via vSphere/vCenter: If you want to enable SSH on an ESX host through the vCenter Web client then, from the ‘hosts and datacentres’ view > Select the Host  > Configure > Services > Locate SSH > Start.

Enable SSH Permanently: Some people don’t want this enabled for security reasons, and in production that makes sense, but on my test network I always have SSH enabled. from the same screen as above with SSH selected > Edit Start-up Policy > Select ‘Start an stop with host” > OK.

VMware Enable SSH 6.5

If you have a stand-alone ESX Server running version 6.5, it’s a lot easier to enable ESX access. Select ‘Host’ > Actions > Service > Enable Secure Shell (SSH). Note: You can also enable the direct console access here.

If you want to enable SSH on an ESX host through the vCenter Web client then, from the ‘hosts and datacenters’ view > Select the Host  > Configure > Security Profile > Scroll down to ‘Services’ > Edit.

Locate ‘SSH > Start > OK.

Once enabled you will see the following warning on the hosts summary page, however, in version 6.5 you can suppress this error.

VMware Enable SSH ESX 5

ESX 5 has a built in firewall, which can have SSH opened in the VI clients, or just as with version 4.1.0 you can enable SSH Locally from the console from troubleshooting options.

Enable Remotely

1. Log into the host with the VI client > Select the host > Configuration > Security Profile > Properties.

2. Locate SSH Server > Tick it > Options > You can either manually start it or set it to start automatically.

3. You will see the following warning to “retrieve” the firewall settings (because you have just changed them) > Select Yes.

Note: Having it running will still cause the “Configuration Issues – SSH for the host has been enabled” nag screen on the summary tab of the host.

VMware Enable SSH ESX 4.0.1

Starting with version 4.0.1 you can enable SSH access from the server console.

1. Go to the normal ESX console > Press F2 > Log in >Troubleshooting Options.

2. Select “Enable Remote Tech support” toggle on and off with {enter} if you want to SSH in the server remotely using PuTTy for example > If you want to log on directly at the console choose “Enable Local Tech Support”.

3. Note: Having it running will still cause the “Configuration Issues – Remote Tech support Mode (SSH) for the host {hostname} has been enabled” nag screen on the summary tab of the host.

Grant SSH Access to ESX 4.0.0 and earlier

1. Go to the normal ESXi console.

2. Press ALT+F1 > the screen will change > Type unsupported {enter} > Note: Nothing will appear on the screen till you hit {enter} > Type in the root password and press {enter}.

3. You now need to edit a config file, the only editor we have is vi (sorry) issue the following command,

[box]vi /etc/inetd.conf[/box]

4. The vi editor will open the file, use the arrow keys to move down to the line that says,

[box]#ssh stream tcp nowait root…[/box]

Press I on the keyboard (that puts the vi editor into insert mode) and delete the hash “#” mark from the beginning of the line.

5 Then, to save the changes press {Esc} > type in :wq {Enter} (that’s write the changes and quit if you’re interested).

6. Enter the following command.

[box]

cat /var/run/inetd.pid

[/box]

It will provide you with a number, (in the example below its 4983, yours will be different).

7. Issue the following command.

[box]

kill -HUP {the number you got from above}

[/box]

8. To get back to the usual ESXi screen and exit command line press ALT+F2.

9. You can now connect with an SSH client like Putty.

 

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

Original Article written: 07/12/11

ESX4 – Grant Root User SSH Access

Thanks to Dave Corrasa for the feedback.

Can you Backup the Free Version of ESX 7?

KB ID 0001757

Problem

‘Backup the Free Version of ESX?’ This was asked on Experts Exchange this week, I responded with the usual answer of “No the VAPI is not exposed in the free version, so it cannot be backed up by a third party backup  application.”

The poster responded with, “That’s what I thought, but I’ve got a Technical Consultant here who says it can be done with version 7

This should be easy to test, I simply need to spin up an ESX7 VM put a free licence on it and see if I can back it up right?

Backup the Free Version of ESX ?

Off on a Tangent: Things always go wrong the most when you are doing someone a favour! First my test machines (In a corporate data centre, didn’t have CPUs compatible with ESX7.  No problem I’ll spin one up on my macbook in VMWare Fusion, and attempt a backup from the DC (I have a site to site VPN to the DC). Then none of my fusion machines could get network access, then when I fixed that, the VPN was down and needed fixing. Then I was in the middle of a Veeam upgrade anyway, that took about 12 hours!

Back to the answer: Whoever started this rumour needs a percussive adjustment to the face, free ESX still cannot be backed up, here’s what happens when you try with Veeam for example;

Veeam Error:

Error: Current vSphere license or ESXi version prohibits execution of the required operations

So I Can’t Backup the Free Version of ESX?

Well not using a VMWare aware backup solution, but theres nothing to stop you installing backup agents into your VMs, and backing them up that way, (treat them as if they are Physical machines.)

Alternative Backup Solution: I’ve seen people suggesting using GhettoVCB which might fit your requirements, but you need to install it into the ESX server as a VIB, then you can create a folder in your storage. Finally you can then script the VIB to take snapshots of your VMs, and then copy the backups into that folder, but it requires some CLI skills and it leaves your backups on the same box as you production VMs. It you’re an enthusiastic tech type (with no budget) you might want to take a look at it.

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA

Windows ‘Auto Suspends’ In ESX

KB ID 0000311

Problem

Has annoyed me for a while, first seen in vSphere4 ESX, a guest Windows  machine “Suspends” after a while.

Solution

1. Power the Windows  VM down.

2. Right click the VM and Select “Edit Settings”.

3. Select the VM Options Tab > Power Management > Select “Put OS into standby mode..” > OK.

HTML5

FLEX

vClient

4. Power the VM on again, problem sorted.

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA

VMware vSphere – How to Import and Export OVF and OVA Files

KB ID 0000562

Problem

I prefer to think of OVF Templates as “Zip” files for Virtual Machines and Virtual Appliances. Where as the OVA file is the complete appliance pre packaged. There are two things you will want to do with an OVF Template;

1. Export a VM to an OVF Template

2. Import an OVF Template (Note: VMware call this “Deploy an OVF Template”)

Note: There are tools for OVF templates for other VMware virtualisation products, this is just for vSphere / ESX.

Tech Note: I find it a lot simpler to do this from PowerCLI now, see the article below;

VMware: Export a VM to OVA With PowerCLI

Solution

Export a Virtual Machine to OVF (vSphere v6)

Note: Machine must be Powered Off and have No Snapshots!

Select the VM > Templates > Export OVF Template.

Change the name, annotation as required > OK.

Your files will be downloaded, (the location will depend on your browser settings!)

 

Export a Virtual Machine to OVF (vSphere v3, v4 and v5)

Note: Machine must be Powered Off and have No Snapshots!

1. Connect to your host with the VI client > With your virtual machine powered off > Select it > File > Export > Export to OVF Template.

2. Select a location to save the files to > OK.

3. Depending on the size of the VM this can take a while.

4. It will give you the following message when it’s finished.

5. Here are the files that it has created.

Import / Deploy an OVF Template to a Virtual Machine

HTML5 Web Client: You can select Deploy OVF Template from either the Cluster or Host Level.

Flash Web Client: If importing OVA or OVF files into vSphere via the vSphere Web client, you can import them at the vCenter, Host, or Cluster Level.

 

From this point forward: The procedure is the same for both Flash and HTML5 clients, Ill show the process using the HTML5 client.

Choose Files > Navigate to and select ALL the applicable files > Next.

  

Give the new VM a name, and, (if applicable) select a folder to put it into > Next > Select a host to deploy to > Next.

Review details > Next > Choose the storage, (and optionally disk format) > Next.

Select the Port Group you want to connect the new VM to > Next > Again review the details > Finish.

 

Import / Deploy an OVF Template to a Virtual Machine (vSphere v3, v4 and v5)

1. To create a VM from an OVF template, connect to your host with the VI client > File > Deploy OVF Template.

2. Browse to the location that the .ovf file is stored > Next.

3. Read the details > Next.

4. Give the new VM a name > Next.

5. Select the disk format (Thick or Thin) you want the new VM to use.

What does Lazy Zeroed and Eager Zeroed Mean?

Data on disks is stored as a 1 (one) or a 0 (zero), so if all the blocks on the disk are set to zero, when you put data on the disk, it only has half the work to do (i.e. write the ones). Eager Zeroed, puts zeros on all the blocks on the disks straight away, Lazy Zeroed puts all zeroes in a block the first time the block is read.

6. Read the summary, and if you want to power on the VM on completion, tick the box > Finish.

7. Depending upon the amount of data this can take a while.

8. It will give you the following message when it’s finished.

9. And here is your VM, imported, powered up, and working.

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

Original Article Written 26/01/12

VMware ESXi Syslog Errors – ‘System logs on host {host-name} are stored on non-persistent storage.’

KB ID 0000456 

Problem

Syslog Error Seen on ESXi 6.0 and 6.5

System logs on host {host-name} are stored on non-persistent storage.

Syslog Error Seen on ESXi 5.1

Error Configuration Issues System logs on host {host-name} are stored on non-persistent storage.

Syslog Error Seen on ESXi 5

Error Configuration Issues System logging is not configured on host {host-name}.

Syslog Error Seen on ESXi 4

Error Configuration Issues Issue detected on {host-name}: Warning: Syslog not configured. Please check Syslog options under Configuration.Software.Advanced Settings.

Solution

Seen on ESXi hosts that boot from an internal SD card, (or USB Drive.)  ESXi likes to have some persistent storage to keep its logs on.

To stop this error you need to give it a location for the logs. That location is setup as follows;

ESXi (Post Version 6) Setting a Syslog Location

First, create a folder on some shared storage to save you logs into, below you can see my datastore name is [iSCSI-RAID5-SAS], and Ive created a folder called ‘Logs’

Select the host with the error > Configure > Advanced System Settings > Type ‘Global’ in the search criteria > Locate Syslog.Global.LogDir > Select it > Edit.

Once again, search for Global and change the location to [DATASTORE-NAME]Logs\HOST-NAME > OK.

The error should cease immediately, without the need to restart anything.

ESXi (Pre Version 6) Setting a Syslog Location

With an ESXi host selected, Configuration > Advanced Settings > Syslog > Syslog.global.logDir.

Here you have two options,

Option 1 Store the Syslogs on the SD Card

Note: If you have built the ESXi Server from a manufacturers ESXi DVD (the HP build for example) there may not be enough room on the SD card for the logs.

In the example below, I’ve got an ESXi host, that’s running ESXi from an SD card (4GB) and I’ve put the syslog on there by using the default entry of;

[box][]/scratch/log[/box]

Click OK > After a couple of seconds the alert will disappear (without the need to reboot).

Option 2 Store the Syslogs on Local or Shared Storage.

ESXi 5 Putting the syslog onto a DataStore

With an ESXi host selected, Configuration > Storage > On a datastore, right click > Browse Datastore > Select the new folder icon > call the folder LOGS > OK.

Note: In this example I’m storing the syslog on local storage (on the ESXi host) if you have shared storage , i.e. a SAN or NAS, I suggest you create a sub-folder for each ESXi host within the LOGS directory and set the path on each host accordingly. This will take effect without a reboot and the error should cease.

ESXi 4 Putting the syslog onto a DataStore

In this case I created a syslog area on one of the shared data stores.

With an ESX host selected, Configuration > Storage > On a datastore, right click > Browse Datastore > Select the new folder icon > call the folder syslog > OK.

Then select Advanced Settings > Syslog > Enter a value in the following format:

[datastore]/syslog/hostname.log

i.e. [Volume 3]/syslog/esx2.log

3. Click OK, you should not need to reboot, the error should cease straight away.

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

Original Article Written 22/11/12

VMware ESXi6 – Replacing the Default Certificates

KB ID 0001195 

Problem

This is pretty much part two of the last article I wrote, so make sure you have the vCenter CA setup as a Sub CA of your Microsoft Certificate Services Deployment. See the following article;

vSphere 6 vCenter Appliance – Replacing Certificates

Now we take the next step, and replace the certificates on the ESXi hosts.

Solution

Note: Joining the ESXi Hosts to the domain is not essential, it just makes things a little smoother. Ensure the host is set with the correct hostname and DNS settings.

Join the host to your domain.

vCenter 6.5

vCenter 6.0

Supply the domain name and suitable credentials.

Set the domain members to trust the vCenter CA Certificate. Back in part one we issued a SUB CA cert to the vCenter. Now I’m going to get a copy of this certificate, and get all my domain members to trust it, (and by definition all the certificates it issues). Browse to the vCenter https address > And open the certificate properties (click the padlock)  > Certificate path > CA  > View Certificate > Install Certificate.

Local machine.

I’m going to put it in Intermediate Certificate Authorities.

Then open an MMC console, and add in the certificate snap-in for Local Computer > Intermediate Certification Authorities > Certificates > Locate the ‘CA’ Certificate.

Export the certificate.

DER encoded is fine.

Save it on the root off the C: drive with a sensible name.

Open an administrative command window, and issue the following commands;

[box]

certutil -dspublish -f C:\{certificate-name}.cer RootCA
certutil –addstore –f root C:\{certificate-name}.cer

[/box]

Note: You can use SubCA instead of RootCA.

Now you will see the domain members start to get the CA certificate, (either in Intermediate or Root, depending on the command you issued above).

Meanwhile back in vCenter Web Client > Right click each host > Certificates > Refresh CA Certificates > Then Refresh Certificate.

WARNING: You may see the error below; if you do, it’s a bug don’t panic, there is a fix published on VMware Support. But if you wait 24 hours and attempt to renew the certificates it will work without an error.

A general system error occurred: Unable to get signed certificate for host: esx-host.your-domain.pri. Error: Start Time Error (70034).

You should see something like this;

If you browse to each ESXi host on https it should connect without errors or warnings.

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

Original Article Written 26/05/16

VMware Workstation – Error – ” Virtualized Intel VT-x/EPT is disabled”

KB ID 0000540 

Problem

Seen on VMware Workstation, when attempting to virtualise a product that IS a virtualisation hypervisor (ESX for example).

Error: Virtualized Intel VT-x/EPT is disabled for this ESX VM. You will only be able to run 32-bit nested VMs.

At first I (wrongly) assumed that I needed to enable something in the BIOS on my laptop, and searched though every page to enable some virtualization setting that was turned off. But that’s NOT what it’s telling you. what it is telling you is you are trying to virtualize a virtualization product, so all the clever VT settings from your physical machines CPU will be shown to VMware workstation. But that presents a Virtual CPU to the OS you are installing as a guest (In the case above ESX) and THAT virtual CPU does NOT have Intel- VT-x/EPT enabled.

So a “Nested VM” – is a Guest VM, running Inside a Guest Hypervisor, that’s been virtualized.

Solution

Note: I’m using VMware workstation 8.

1. Right click the VM in question and select “Settings”.

2. Hardware Tab > Processors > Tick the option to enable VT-x/EPT or V/RVI > OK.

3. Restart the guest machine.

Note: You can also do this be editing the machines .vmx file with a text editor and adding the following lines;

[box]

monitor.virtual_mmu = "hardware"

monitor.virtual_exec = "hardware"

vhv.enable = "TRUE"

monitor_control.restrict_backdoor = "true"

[/box]

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA

ESXi 4/5 – Adding a license key

KB ID 0000272 

Problem

ESXi is free, however when you have installed it you will see,

Solution

1. To get your key go to the VMware web site > Products > Download > Log in > It will give you a key with the download.

2. Connect to the ESXi host with your vSphere client.

3. Select the Host > Configuration tab > Licence sd Features > Edit > Enter Key > Type in the key > OK > OK.

 

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA