Tag Archives: names

Cisco ASA 8.2 Upgrade to 8.3

Posted on by
Reply

KB ID 0001366

Problem

I can’t believe I’m writing this, it’s been so long since 8.3 was released (7 Years!) And still there’s firewalls out there running old code?

Why is the 8.3 upgrade important? This update made some very major changes to the way we did NAT, and also the way we wrote ACL’s. It was a big change. I remember keeping my client firewalls on 8.2 for a while until I fully understood the changes. And even then if there was anything ‘complicated’ I’d build them with 8.2 and then upgrade them!

So why am I writing this now? Well I’ve done a LOT of these, and every time I’ve got another one to do I check my notes. I was upgrading a clients 5510 today, so I thought I’d polish my notes and publish them for anyone else that has a ‘teal coloured dinosaur’ that needs an upgrade.

 

Solution

Make sure your firewall has enough RAM! To upgrade to/install 8.3 (or above) needs a larger amount of RAM than was installed in the 5500 firewall range before Feb 2010. Cisco RAM is expensive! I suggest a trip to eBay e.g. memory for my 5510 cost me £15.00 and memory for my 5505 cost me $6.00. Ive already written about the memory requirements, see the article below;

ASA – Memory Error (Post upgrade to version 8.3)

Performing the Upgrade 

Step 1: A Few Days Before

Before you do anything, take a full backup of the Firewall. The amount of time I’ve asked ‘You did back it up first didn’t you?’ and the answer is an awkward silence, is far to high!

1. Disable NAT Control (This is a throwback to version 6, when we had to have NAT to pass traffic between interfaces)

You may have it enabled

[box]

Petes-ASA# show run all nat-control
nat-control

[/box]

To disable it;

[box]

Petes-ASA# conf t
 Petes-ASA#(config)# no nat-control

[/box]

Will it break anything? I’ve not seen it break anything.

2. Disable ‘names’: I was never a fan of these anyway, they seemed like a good idea, then made everything difficult to troubleshoot, I routinely disable ‘names’ when I’m troubleshooting things.

[box]

Petes-ASA# conf t
 Petes-ASA#(config)# no names

[/box]

Will it break anything? Absolutely not!

3. Look at all your NAT statements: Their syntax is about to change A LOT, make sure you know what each one is doing, and why it’s there. Study the differences to the NEW NAT commands, and if you have enough time, convert them offline in notepad, then you have the commands ready to post in if there’s a drama. See the following article;

Cisco PIX/ASA 8.3 Command Changes{NAT / Global / Access-List}

Step 2: Performing the upgrade

Note: During the upgrade the Pre 8.3 config is saved as disk0:/{version-number}_startup_cfg.sav, (i.e. disk0/:8_2_5_59_startup_cfg.sav). This will be critical if there’s a problem and you need to ‘roll-back’. Another handy file is upgrade_startup_errors_{time-stamp}.log (i.e. disk0:/upgrade_startup_errors_201711151046.log). But only look in there if you actually have a problem, because there will always be things in this file, and you will only panic needlessly!

The actual upgrade is the same process for any ASA upgrade. My recommendation is to go from 8.2 to 8.4(6), then you can perform further upgrades from there (as required).

Basic upgrade commands;
copy tftp://192.168.50.2/asa846-k8.bin flash
no boot system disk0:/asa825-59-k8.bin
boot system disk0:/asa846-k8.bin
write men
reload

Cisco ASA5500 Update System and ASDM (From CLI)

Post Install Problems?

VPNs Don’t Work? Make sure the upgrade has NOT added the keyword ‘unidirectional‘ to the NAT statements for the VPN tunnel, (bug if you upgrade straight to 8.3(2))

ACL’s Don’t Work? I’ve seen the upgrade process fail to change the IP address from the Public IP to the Private IP in the ACL.(Post 8.3 ACL Statements are written to allow traffic to the internal (pre-tranlslated) IP rather than the external/public (post-transtaled IP,) like you had to do BEFORE version 8.3. This is most common on ACLs applied to the outside interface.

I need to downgrade the ASA back to 8.2!!

To downgrade;

[box]

downgrade {image} {config}
e.g.
downgrade disk0:/asa825-59-k8.bin disk0/:8_2_5_59_startup_cfg.sav

[/box]

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA

Exchange Bulk Export / Import Mail Contacts

Posted on by
Reply

KB ID 0001349 

Problem

I had to do this today and realised, it’s been so long since I did it last, I’d forgotten how to do it. Before we go forward, please be clear, I’m talking about MAIL CONTACTS, these are Active Directory Objects that have an Email address, but DO NOT have a mailbox in your Exchange Organisation, and DO NOT have an Active Directory User. I point this out because you can have MAIL USERS that have an Active Directory User Object and have an External Email address (i.e. a Gmail or Hotmail address) associated with the MAIL USER object.

Traditionally mail contacts are used for listing outside mail addresses in your global address list, (like mail users do) but are also used to forward mail to as well.

Solution

I was exporting from Exchange 2010, from the EMC run the following command;

[box]Get-MailContact -ResultSize unlimited | Select DisplayName,Name,PrimarySMTPAddress | Export-Csv “c:\Contacts-Exported.csv“[/box]

And there’s my file.

You can see my exported CSV list in, DisplayName, Name, PrimarySmtpAddress format. You will need to do some work with it in Excel to get it in > Name, Firstname, Lastname, ExternalEmailAddress format.

Once you have you CSV file ready, import it into the Target Exchange Server with the following command;

[box]Import-Csv “C:\Contacts-Exported.csv” | ForEach {New-MailContact -Name $_.Name -Firstname $_.FirstName -LastName $_.LastName -ExternalEmailAddress $_.ExternalEmailAddress -OrganizationalUnit “OU=IMPORT,DC=PNL,DC=COM”}[/box]

There’s my new contacts 🙂

Related Articles, References, Credits, or External Links

NA